It has been said that the UK supermarket sector is an oligopoly Essay

It has been said that the UK general store segment is an oligopoly - Essay Example ...................................... Conclusion............................................................................................................ References It has been said that the UK general store segment is an oligopoly Introduction The UK grocery store segment is without a doubt appropriately characterized as an oligopoly dependent available structure that directs its business standards, the significance of the purchaser in building business technique, the degree of reliance between contending general store organizations, and the sector’s impact in estimating and gracefully inside its market. An oligopoly is characterized as â€Å"a advertise commanded by few members who can all in all apply power over flexibly and market prices† (investorwords.com, 2011, p.1). It is the interdependency between the couple of firms, for example, Morrison’s and Aldi, that makes this market segment an oligopoly corresponding to promoting endeavors and estimating str uctures that drive key aims. This paper depicts the market qualities of the general store area in the UK that name these organizations as a component of an oligopoly. The market structure All of the significant grocery store rivals in the UK keep up a serious extent of piece of the pie in the nourishments business and are influenced little by littler rivals as far as productivity. An oligopoly can influence the market by keeping up this high piece of the pie and control by having the option to impact valuing arrangements with providers who depend on their proceeded with accomplishments so as to, themselves, stay productive. This is the thing that portrays an oligopoly when a market is overwhelmed by just a bunch of huge scope contenders. In this structure, firms can have either separated or non-separated items offered to purchasers where publicizing and advertising goals describe one of the most significant highlights identified with business procedure and serious practices (Boyes a nd Melvin, 2005). Why would that be? Grocery stores depend on buyer mentalities and practices to guarantee they stay gainful which are consistently liable to fluctuating interest timetables and dietary patterns. Likewise dependent on value, purchasers will pick one contender over another in this market structure which drives the need for more advancement in showcasing and the routine natural and serious investigations required to stay fruitful and beneficial. Under macroeconomic hypothesis, an oligopoly is viewed as the most reasonable market structure since there are a various scope of externalities and inside business practices that sway whether the organizations increase higher volumes of piece of the pie in a nearby or global district (Boyes and Melvin). These grocery stores in their oligopoly keep up a descending inclining request bend where the state of the bend is legitimately identified with purchaser standards of conduct and the practices of rivalry corresponding to techniq ue, showcasing and promoting. This is the reason the grocery store part in the UK is considered the most sensible of market structures as the significance of serious practices and advertising are in-accordance with contemporary strategic approaches with most non-general store associations. Due to their predominance in this market segment, providers are made frail while considering purchaser based ware items (quickmba.com, 2011) as they depend straightforwardly on the buying intensity of the general stores to keep up their creation levels, satisfactory staffing and by and large operational methodologies identified with the expectation of building higher productivity. This gives

How to Cut Down on Your Cars Greenhouse Gases

Instructions to Cut Down on Your Cars Greenhouse Gases Ozone depleting substances, liable for worldwide environmental change, are radiated in enormous part from the burning of petroleum derivatives like oil, coal, and flammable gas. The greater part of the outflows from petroleum products originate from power plants, however second positioned is transportation. Notwithstanding carbon dioxide, engine vehicles discharge particulate contamination, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and unpredictable natural mixes. Perhaps you have just balanced numerous parts of your way of life to diminish your carbon impression, including introducing LED lights, turning down the indoor regulator, and eating less meat. In any case, in your garage sits glaring proof of one wellspring of ozone harming substance that you were unable to dispose of: your vehicle. For a large number of us, particularly in rustic zones, bicycling or strolling to class and to work may not be an alternative, and open transportation may essentially not be accessible. Try not to worry; there are still moves you can make to bring down the contamination and ozone harming substance outflows you produce when driving. Mileage versus Emanations We by and large expect a vehicle with better efficiency will likewise discharge less destructive outflows, including ozone harming substances. The connection by and large remains constant, with a couple of provisos. Decades-old vehicles were worked under significantly more loosened up emanations guidelines and can be immense contamination makers in spite of a moderately unassuming hunger for fuel. Additionally, you might be getting 80 miles for each gallon on that old two-stroke bike, however that smoke will contain substantially more destructive poisons, a lot of it from mostly consumed fuel. And afterward there are the vehicles with outflow control frameworks discharging unlawful measures of contamination, similar to those finger-pointed during the notorious Volkswagen little diesel motor embarrassment. The undeniable spot to begin to decrease outflows, obviously, is by picking a cutting edge vehicle with the most ideal efficiency. Models can be thought about utilizing a convenient web device set up by the U.S. Division of Energy (DOE). Be reasonable about your needs: how frequently a year will you truly require a get truck, sport-utility vehicle, or minivan? Execution is another mileage executioner, yet on the off chance that you truly need a sportier vehicle, favor a four-chamber model with a turbocharger rather than a bigger six or eight (or twelve!) chamber vehicle. The turbo kicks in on request, with the more thrifty four chambers accomplishing the work the remainder of the time. Manual versus Programmed Not very far in the past manual transmissions gave preferred mileage over programmed transmissions. It was a decent reason for the individuals who love to push their own riggings however present day programmed transmissions, which currently have 5, 6, and considerably more apparatuses, give better mileage. Consistent Variable Transmissions (CVT) are stunningly better at keeping up the engine’s upheavals at the correct speed, beating even the most talented stick-move aficionados. More seasoned Car, Newer Car More seasoned vehicles were planned and built with regards to emanation guidelines that were considerably less prohibitive than they are today. Much improvement has been made during the 1960s, with the advancement of the exhaust system and fuel infusion, however it wasn’t until the taking off gas costs during the 1970s that genuine eco-friendliness gains were made. Revisions to the Clean Air Act bit by bit improved vehicle discharges beginning in 1990, with significant additions made in 2004 and 2010. By and large, a later vehicle will have better innovation to decrease outflows including electronic direct fuel infusion, more brilliant electronic control units, lower drag coefficient, and improved transmissions. Upkeep You presumably heard this one preceding: essentially keeping your tires expanded to the correct level will spare you in fuel costs. Under-swelled tires will cost you as much as 3% in fuel costs, as per the DOE. Keeping up appropriate weight will likewise improve your halting separation, diminish dangers of sliding, rollovers, and victories. Check for the proper weight on a sticker situated in the jam of the driver-side entryway; don't allude to the weight esteem imprinted on the tire sidewall. Supplant your motor air channel at the stretch determined in your owner’s manual, or all the more much of the time on the off chance that you drive in particularly dusty conditions. The dirtier your air channel is, the more fuel you will utilize. Try not to disregard lit check motor lights, in any event, when you feel like the vehicle is working ordinarily. Regularly the discharges control framework is an issue, which implies you are contaminating more than expected. Carry the vehicle to your specialist for an appropriate demonstrative, it might spare you from increasingly costly harm later on. Vehicle Modifications Reseller's exchange execution changes have large amounts of certain kinds of vehicles †stronger fumes pipes, altered air admissions, reinvented fuel infusion. Each one of those highlights increment your engine’s fuel needs, so dispose of them or even better don’t introduce them in any case. Bigger tires and suspension lifts need to go as well. Rooftop racks and payload boxes ought to be taken care of when not being used, as they seriously influence mileage, particularly on littler vehicles. Void your vehicle trunk as well, as it takes additional fuel to heft around that golf pack you never have the opportunity to get out, or those cases of books you’ve been importance to drop off at the second hand shop. What’s Your Driving Style? Driving conduct is somewhere else where you can have a major effect in your discharges and fuel use without going through any cash. Slow down: as indicated by AAA, going 60 mph rather than 70 mph on a 20-mile drive will spare you 1.3 gallons on normal over the work week. Quicken and stop tenderly, and coast while you can. Keep your windows up to lessen drag; in any event, running the cooling requires less vitality. Letting your vehicle inert toward the beginning of the day is superfluous, utilizes fuel, and creates pointless outflows. Rather, delicately warm up your motor by quickening easily and keeping a lower speed until your vehicle arrives at its working temperature.

Letter of Intent Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letter of Intent - Personal Statement Example One of the most important encounters to me was temporary position in Cairo Microsoft Innovation Center (CMIC). I have additionally taken an interest in Imagine Cup 09 in Cairo facilitated by Microsoft. This experience can fill in as a proof of my expert aptitudes and capacities. In my nation of origin, I have taken a shot at self-ruling frameworks advancement ventures, explicitly, on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) for 15 months. Besides, I have enough involvement with gathering prerequisites, structuring, actualizing, and testing diverse programming applications. I likewise have a decent information on some key programming dialects, for example, c++, java, and JSP. As an exceptionally energetic individual that appreciates trying sincerely and accomplishing proposed results I truly need to be the piece of this program since it will open another open doors towards worldwide work understanding. I am thankful ahead of time for intensive thought and trust in the call for

College Students Essay Example for Free

Understudies Essay The quantity of worldwide understudies took on U. S. foundations has developed by 23 percent over the most recent five years. This is on the grounds that the global network perceives instruction in the U. S. All credit is given to University heads who ensure that the courses understudies take are thorough and sets them up for this present reality in front of them. The main issue is that Universities make understudies take a few courses that are unessential to their major, in this manner burning through valuable time and cash. Building is one of the most mainstream majors offered in United States’ Universities. It is an entryway to openings for work however most Universities burn through student’s time by constraining them to take classes that are not designing related during their initial two years of school. In many Universities, understudies studying Engineering need to take classes like compelling artwork, government, history and so forth. Rather than giving these understudies explicit courses that would set them up for the thorough work of designing and decrease the time they would spend in school, Universities rather decide to acquaint them with more extensive part of school, compelling them to take classes they don't require and expanding the time, they spend in school. Higher Institutions increment the time and courses understudies need to take, on the grounds that the more classes they take the more cash the University pockets. They utilize this strategy to rip understudies off, subsequently making school costs incredibly high and practically unpayable for certain understudies. Instruction should be expensive, yet student’s financial balances are continually rebuffed by voracity and awful dynamic by University authorities. This is the reason most American understudies swear off promoting their instructions in higher establishments after secondary school. The cost terrifies some of them, and they don't see the need to burn through the entirety of their cash on training. Colleges ought not frighten Americans off from Higher Institutions by making them take classes that would evaporate their ledgers and burn through their time. Rather they should give them the benefit of going to understudy after secondary school and return to take just the courses they requirement for their major. This spares understudies important time, cash, and simultaneously makes school progressively alluring to those Americans who have evaded Higher training in view of the expense. Whenever understudies are given the chance of interning before they pick their way throughout everyday life, they not just get a thought of what they will get up to each morning, yet they likewise gain understanding. This makes the courses and classes they would take later on much simpler and reasonable to them. The experience they gain from interning provides them a feeling of guidance on whether to proceed in that vocation or on the off chance that they ought to accomplish something more benefitting and fascinating to them. . With the end goal for us to get more Americans into school and decrease the opposition originating from the global network, higher foundations need to make school progressively moderate and increasingly important for understudies. To make Universities moderate, understudies ought to be permitted to do every one of those classes that are required however applicable to a student’s major in secondary school. After graduation, understudies ought to have the chance of picking between being an assistant in their ideal field for a year, before enlisting for that major, or going the ordinary course of sitting around idly taking classes they needn't bother with.

How to Become a Thought Leader in Your Industry

How to Become a Thought Leader in Your Industry Do you have ideas about the direction your industry should be heading? If so, you could be on your way to become a thought leader â€" to becoming an expert in your profession and someone people look up to for fresh ideas.Every industry needs leaders â€" the world’s greatest developments would not have occurred if it weren’t for the brave individuals who thought outside the box. But what does it take to become a thought leader, someone who’ll change the industry? © Shutterstock.com | kmlmtz66This guide will look at 1) thought leaders, 2) the qualities you need and 3) the steps you’ll need to take in order to change your industry, and perhaps the world.WHAT IS A THOUGHT LEADER?Most people tend to have their own definitions of a thought leader. While there are always going to be subtle definitional dispersion around the term, the consensus agrees thought leaders to be individuals, or even organizations, that make a significant and positive difference in their industry.Thought leaders are the go-to people in their field. They aren’t necessarily the most successful in their field in things such as position or monetary gain, but the industry respects these people and look up to them for inspiration.While thought leaders don’t have to be holding the highest positions in business or industry, they are always people who can make their ideas work. It’s easy to think thought leaders are people who can only offer ideas. But thought leaders are people who can turn these ideas into sustainable change â€" innovation won’t only be about coming up with ideas, but also about making these ideas work.Few examples of great thought leadersIf you are looking to become a thought leader, it is a good idea to look at examples of thought leaders. Not only does it clarify the qualities and characteristics of a thought leader, it also helps you learn about the steps these people took in order to become a thought leader.Every industry in the world has a few respected thought leaders and it would be impossible to list all the famous names. But below you can see a two of the most well known examples.Nate SilverNate Silver is a world famous statistician. He took the world by storm during the 2008 Presidential election in the US, when his blog was able to predict the results. He used his expertise in statistics to create interesting and compelling analysis.While his predictions were largely dismissed at the start, his accuracy in the end lif ted him on the platform. He became a trusted spokesperson in his field and Silver is a frequent guest on news platforms whenever there’s talk about the upcoming elections or prediction of some sort.Robert ScobleRobert Scoble’s position as a thought leader happened slightly differently. Scoble is a tech geek, who was working at Microsoft and evangelizing to the world about the latest inventions. He did so through his highly successful blog, Scobleizer.He has been able to talk about new tech gadgets before they’ve made it big in the public, because of his connections and passion. He is looked up as someone the companies want to contact, in order to get an analysis and exposure for their products.The qualities of a thought leaderBut what are the key qualities people like Silver and Scoble share? While each thought leader can and should do things a bit differently, there are some characteristics they all have in common.If you want to become a thought leader, you might want to star t by developing the following six qualities.KnowledgeYou cannot convince other people in your industry to follow you, if you don’t know enough about the sector. Knowledge is truly power when it comes to becoming a thought leader. For example, Silver knew the world of statistics inside out and was able to draw into this knowledge.Thought leaders not only know their industry inside out, they are often able to draw into other sectors for information as well. It is this broad understanding of different industries, as well as the world as a whole, that helps them achieve expertise and to think outside the box.PassionThought leaders are always passionate about what they do. It is hard to convince others to listen to you, unless you care about what you are talking. You are more able to inspire and motivate, if you are passionate about what you are doing.PatienceIf you want to be a leader and an innovator, you’ll need to have patience. Changing your industry for the better won’t happe n overnight, as humans tend to resist change. You’ll need to be able to stay calm and continue towards your goals.You’ll also be dealing with many people, some of whom might not understand your vision from the get-go. You’ll need to be able to explain your ideas to people clearly and calmly.FortitudeBecoming a thought leader won’t be an easy journey. You are going to meet resistance, questioning and even sometimes outright hostility. But thought leaders persevere.Setbacks, criticism and failure are likely going to play a part in your journey. What will set you apart from the rest will be the fortitude to withstand the events you are faced with.ConfidenceHave you ever met a leader who doesn’t trust in his or her abilities? Most unlikely, as self-belief is one of the key characteristics successful people share. You’ll need to be confident in your ability because you’ll meet people who’ll doubt you.Remember confidence doesn’t mean the same as bragging. Confident peopl e don’t need to keep telling other people they are great, they’ll just go and show them.PresenceFinally, thought leaders are always able to charm. They have presence â€" they can fill the room with a sense of charming authority or come across as extremely warm and friendly.WHY SHOULD YOU BECOME A THOUGHT LEADER?Before we move on to the concrete steps you need to take in order to become a thought leader, it is important to consider why you should be aiming towards this goal.While personal gain shouldn’t be the driving force, but rather your passion for developing your industry, there are things to gain from being a thought leader. If you are passionate about your career and your industry, then it can definitely be a good idea to consider taking the steps to become a thought leader.The benefits of being a thought leader include:Professional accomplishment â€" You’ll naturally achieve the feeling of a professional accomplishment as a thought leader. You need to work hard in ord er to become a thought leader and receiving recognition will make all the hard work seem worth it.Career satisfaction â€" If you are passionate about your industry, but you don’t feel satisfied with your career, becoming a thought leader can help you massively. Knowing you are valued and listened to will give better career satisfaction. It might also suit you better than seeking a specific position in the industry career ladder.Strategic visibility â€" You can increase your strategic visibility as a thought leader. Not only does it mean your professional visibility increases in general, you’ll also improve your visibility among the people who matter. This could be sponsors, media people or even politicians. If you are a business owner, then you will enhance your business prospects with better visibility among the people that matter. You can also shed light into other aspects of your industry and therefore, improving how the world views your industry.Improving opportunities â€" O verall, being on top of your industry and leading the way, you’ll gain better opportunities. This often means you can continue to remain on top of things because you’re constantly opening up more doors to new achievements. Furthermore, you’ll also gain improved opportunities for your industry and local community. These opportunities will make it a lot easier to achieve lasting and meaningful change within your industry.KEY STEPS TO TAKE TO BECOME A THOUGHT LEADERRegardless of your industry, there are certain strategies you can use to become a thought leader. The following will help you take the crucial steps in order to propel yourself into recognition.Do something differentFirst, you’ll need to do something different in order to stand out from the crowd. Becoming a thought leader is not the same thing as being an expert in something. Most people can gain enough knowledge about an industry and can then talk about it like an expert, but only few can vision something new and f resh.Thought leaders are always able to find a new angle to a story or come up with a better product â€" no matter what the industry is, the key is to refresh it with new ideas.In order to become a thought leader you need to differentiate yourself from the rest of the industry. Nate Silver’s rise to being a thought leader is the perfect example of this. He did something different, trusted his ability and in the end proved everyone else wrong. Only by showing an alternative way are you able to make people listen to you.Furthermore, thought leaders continue to be bold and different, even when they establish their position. As mentioned earlier, you are the driver of change and innovation â€" not an expert to point out the obvious.But keep in mind that thought leaders stand out because they do something differently as well as correctly. If Silver got all of his predictions wrong, he wouldn’t be a thought leader.Brand yourselfAs a thought leader, you won’t be selling just your ide as to the audience; you’ll also be selling yourself. Therefore, branding should be one of the first things you do.Just as companies need to build a brand in order to gain reputation and market presence, thought leaders must do the same. Instead of marketing a product or a service, you need to sell your ideas and expertise.Branding involves a lot of networking. It is important to take advantage of your existing connections, as well as create new ones. You want to be talking to people in the media, within your industry and other established influencers in order to get your word out. Become visible in industry seminars and networking events, as well as the digital world.Make sure you also create a consistent approach to things such as blogging, social media and visiting seminars. You need to be visible regularly and in the right markets, not just when you have something new to say.Furthermore, thought leaders can gain plenty of experience from mentors. You need to create connections with the right mentors and learn from them. At the same time, you can start reaching out to other people in the industry and start mentoring them.Create a strong online presenceIn the era of technology, becoming a thought leader means taking control of the Internet. Strong online presence will boost your chances of gaining more visibility and it has significantly improved a person’s ability to brand themselves.You must create yourself a blog and use it for sharing your vision. Become a regular blogger and reach out to other bloggers as well to gain more visibility. But on top of this, you also need to be active on social media.As you are aiming to become a thought leader, pay special attention to your content and the way you present it. As mentioned above, thought leaders stand out and one of the ways could be by having a unique approach to sharing your ideas.In addition, there are different digital channels that might work better for specific industries. But you shouldn’t overl ook the three key social media platforms: Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn. Make sure you don’t just share your own opinions on social media. You also need to engage other people in conversation, share other people’s ideas which you’ve find useful and connect with people that might be interested in your ideas.Finally, you need to remember a strong online presence isn’t just about being visible. The quality of your presence also matters. You cannot spew out content that has no value and adds nothing to the conversation within your industry. Make sure you carefully consider each comment, post and share you make online. Ask yourself how they will impact your thought leader position and whether they bring you closer to your goals.Get media visibilitySocial media presence alone won’t necessarily turn you into a thought leader. You still need to be acknowledged by the media. You’ll want to try to appeal to the industry specific media, as well as the general media.Remember media outlets don’t always come to you for comments directly. Sometimes it helps to offer your expertise to the local radio, newspaper or TV station. Tell the influencers in the media about your ideas and vision â€" create connections.One of the best ways to gain both media visibility and more credibility as a thought leader is by publishing a book. Not only are you able to sell your book, but you’ll also get to talk about it in the media. Use the concepts you’ve developed in your blog as a base for your book, for example.Before you start contacting the big media outlets and top industry publications, make sure you have something to show. Start by getting your blog enough regular readers and good quality content, guest blog in the smaller industry-related blogs and slowly move towards catching the bigger fish.Make sure you don’t just preach to the converted. While it is always easier to appear in front of media channels that adore you, you also need to reach out to the audience th at might not agree with you.Be ready for the stormsFinally, as you start with the following steps, you will start gaining more publicity and get closer to your ultimate goal. But it won’t be easy â€" in fact, the closer you get to your goal, the tougher it will become to achieve it.This is because people won’t automatically love you or believe you. As you are trying to change the thinking within the industry, you are going to cause a stir. You’ll receive criticism â€" some of it which might be genuine â€" and you’ll most likely encounter jealous people.Some of the biggest thought leaders are also rather divisive figures. Consider Tony Robbins, for example. While he has been able to gain a huge following that adores him and he regularly speaks in the top publications, there are also plenty of people in the industry that don’t agree with him. But he isn’t bothered by it!As a leader, you cannot simply overlook these people, but you also can’t let them win. Don’t get los t in bitter battles with your opponents, but don’t forget to listen to them. You need to trust in your message and continue moving forwards confidently.FINAL THOUGHTSThought leaders are different from each other and each industry naturally requires certain special characteristics and strategies. But the above should have shown you that becoming a thought leader doesn’t depend on your age, gender or ethnicity.If you are passionate, committed and not afraid to take risks, then you can begin to change the course of your industry. Becoming a thought leader doesn’t happen overnight. You cannot take a course on it or expect it to just happen now that you’ve read this guide.It’ll take hard work, willingness to commit to your goal and the ability to keep learning. But hopefully, you’ve gained the tools from this guide to start your journey. You have the understanding of what it takes and what approach you should take. Now you’ll just need the vision to put these tips into prac tice.

Langston Hughes About African American in America - Free Essay Example

Known for his short, yet vivid depictions of being an African American in America, Langston Hughes communicates these feelings through his short stories, novels, plays and of course, poetry. From the mid-twenties through the sixties, Hughes was furthermore known for his dedication to the world of jazz, which in turn helped to influence his writing. His life and work has been marked essential as it helped to shape the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s. Unlike other courageous African American poets, Hughes struggled to recognize the difference between his personal experience and the commonly known experience of the life of being an African American (Hine, 1). This is because he was determined to enrich his stories of African American people in such ways that reflect their actual culture, while also including both their suffering and their love of music, laughter and language itself (Hine, 1). In order to account for this objective, Hughes poems acquired an abundance of themes. These themes included: dignity, music, aspiration, racism, wisdom, and self-actualization. During Langston Hughes time, it has become clear that his African American readers felt that his work directly explored their lives in reference to their hopes, their fears, their past, and their dreams (Ramsey, 1). In comparison of these feelings, these are all required to be found within ones dignity. The African American characters projected in Hughes poems refer to all the struggles/complexities of life being pursued in a segregated America (Ramsey, 1). An example of this is found in the poem, I, Too. The African American speaker insists that he too, can sing America and may sit with whomever he wants. This suggests that he is claiming his right to feel patriotic towards America regardless of the color of his skin and the way others view him as. He is consistently referred to as the darker brother of the poem as it alludes to the common practice of racial segregation of that time (Ramsey, 1). As follows, this poem explores how African American dignity is to acquire the feeling of being worthy of honor or respect while also being able to see it within themselves. Secondly, to elaborate on how Hughes poems contribute to the theme of music, it is notable once identifying a consistent rhythm or beat. Inside the poem, The Weary Blues, the rhythm that is found within the lines relate to the sense of sorrow and hopelessness, such as in versus in a blues song. For example, the poem expresses an African American figure swaying back and forth on his stool while playing a mournful tune like a musical fool. He soon begins to sing a song about having nobody in the world, nobody but himself. Another example would be how Hughes frequently alludes to the music that originated during the era of slavery, in doing so he has connected himself to the painful history of African Americans (Ramsey, 1). Thirdly, and quite similar to The American Dream, Langston Hughes often writes about aspirations as dreams. He explores hidden dreams, lost dreams, dreams regained and dreams redeemed (Ramsey, 1). He implies that The American Dream is simply unreachable through the way he projects his characters in his poems. One of Hughes most famous poems, Harlem, identifies the limitations of the American Dream for African Americans (Hendricks, 1). It proposes an important question, What happens when dreams are ignored or postponed? Primarily targeted for African Americans, this gives one the opportunity to contemplate their dreams. However, the last stanza of the poem is italicized, simply stating, or does it explode? this emphasizes suspicion as people assume this is the actual answer to the lingering question. Next, one of the most universally talked about problem around the world is racism. Being an African American himself, Hughes experiences this first hand. In one of his most well-known short stories, On the Road, he depicts racism as being tied up with religious hypocrisy (Ramsey, 1). This suggests that Hughes views things more realistically than others, especially about an environment in which he was brought up in. Through an example found within the poem, Let America be America Again, Hughes describes immediately that America is not the dream in which he had thought it would be, simply because it is not the America it claims to be. To support this, Hughes emphasizes how the values on which the country is founded: freedom, liberty and justice for all, do not really exist (Hendricks, 1). He then represents every man, woman, worker, and race whose sweat and blood, faith and pain, has helped aid to build America and must continue to do so (Hendricks, 1). This poem emphasizes the darker areas in life and while many African Americans experience a lot more hatred for the color of their skin, it also outlines the unique struggles of those who make up America, both black and white. In contrast, how the word wisdom is not specifically written in Hughes poems, he solemnly refers to its meaning in many places. This is done by notably emphasizing wisdom being passed down through generations characterized in the poem, Mother to Son. As the mother in this poem refers to her life as a staircase, she mentions how she has had to go through many obstacles as she metaphorically climbed up the stairs. The mother says to her son that life is not going to be a clear staircase, that there is going to be several splinters and torn boards, as well as places with no carpet. However, she makes sure to tell her son that she still continues to climb regardless of the obstacles she faces. As a result, she instructs him to never look back and to continue climbing the stairs. Therefore, the topic of wisdom is introduced by the mother passing down her knowledge of life to her son and assuring him he can make it through whatever obstacles life throws at him. The last theme characterized throughout Hughes poems is, self-actualization. Self-actualization is defined as the realization of ones talents and potentialities. The speakers found within Hughes poems start in situations where they feel little to no hope or courage. One has argued with a lover, another faces discrimination and a lonesome man struggles with his identity (Ramsey, 1). However, in these poems, Hughes created a narrative that seemed to help the protagonist/speaker achieve a state of self-actualization. An example of this would be how his poems focus on the struggles African Americans face, and the protagonist being able to overcome these struggles. In conclusion, it seems as if each poem talked to one another. They provided a very similar message about the American Dream and that is that the African American response to racial oppression includes discriminatory practices that effectively denied blacks access to this intended dream (Hendricks, 1). While reading Langston Hughes work, one can assure that he speaks from the heart and because of that, his writing seems to manifest a greater meaning. He writes about his personal conflicts, therefore leading to him expressing how he is currently oppressed but still strives to be considered an equal man. As Hughes continues to speak on behave of himself and other oppressed African Americans, a realization people become aware of is that the poems he writes express future changes much greater than they typically would appear to be. Thus, one can interpret the origination of Hughes poems through his inner and thoughtful responses to the constant struggles of racism in America.

Shakespeares Hamlet - The Ghost Of Hamlet’s Father Essay

The Ghost Of Hamlet’s Father What would Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet, be like without the character of the Ghost? The drama simple wouldn’t BE! The Ghost, though not a human character in most senses of the word, is crucial for the development of the play. This essay will analyze this interesting character. Frank Kermode in â€Å"Hamlet† fits the Ghost into the local and national scene: But meanwhile the ghost – â€Å"this thing† – has appeared. (Horatio as skeptic raises questions as to its status which could have been avoided.) There has been speculation as to its purpose, but one thing seems sure: it has to do with the state of the nation – it â€Å"bodes some strange eruption to our state† – and with the armaments†¦show more content†¦This is what we see Hamlet do when, in spite of his immediate conviction that it is an honest ghost he has seen, he arranges a trial of its veracity in the form of the play within the play. (117) Thus is explained the rationale of the â€Å"play within a play† which is seen as necessary for the climax of the drama. To begin consideration of the Ghost, let it be said that the Ghost makes his appearance even before the play has opened. Marchette Chute in â€Å"The Story Told in Hamlet† describes the ghost’s activity prior to the opening scene of Shakespeare’s tragedy: The story opens in the cold and dark of a winter night in Denmark, while the guard is being changed on the battlements of the royal castle of Elsinore. For two nights in succession, just as the bell strikes the hour of one, a ghost has appeared on the battlements, a figure dressed in complete armor and with a face like that of the dead king of Denmark, Hamlet’s father. A young man named Horatio, who is a school friend of Hamlet, has been told of the apparition and cannot believe it, and one of the officers has brought him there in the night so that he can see it for himself. The hour comes, and the ghost walks. The awed Horatio tries to speak to it but it stalks away, leaving the three men to wonder why the buried king has come back to haunt the land. [. . .] WhateverShow MoreRelatedEssay about Hamlets Struggle and Disillusionment1137 Words   |  5 PagesQUESTION: Shakespeares Hamlet continues to engage audiences through its dramatic treatment of struggle and disillusionment. In the light of your critical study, does this statement resonate with your own interpretation of Hamlet? RESPONSE: In the light of my critical study, the statement that Shakespeares Hamlet continues to engage audiences through its dramatic treatment of struggle and disillusionment resonates strongly with my own interpretation of Shakespeares play, Hamlet. It clearlyRead More The Ghost of King Hamlet Essay1301 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ghost of King Hamlet      Ã‚   Many Shakespeare plays contain ghosts, perhaps most notably and most disturbingly in Macbeth and Hamlet. The ghost in Hamlet is the apparition of prince Hamlets father, the dead King Hamlet.   However, up until the time when the ghost first appears to Hamlet, interrupting his speech and thoughts, it appears Hamlet is unaware that his father was murdered.   As the ghost intones, I am thy fathers spirit, / Doomed for a certain term to walk the night, / And for theRead MoreAnti-Idealism In Shakespeares Hamlet1563 Words   |  7 Pagesanalyzes Shakespeare’s works and how they function as a shift between these two worlds. Specifically, he examines Shakespeare’s rejection of the â€Å"religious ideal [and] the ideal of contempt,† as well as his use of skepticism and â€Å"uncertainties, mysteries, and doubts without driving forward to conclusions.† Furthermore, Edmundson discusses how Shakespeare dismissal of these ideals worked as a reflection of modern societies shift away from the ideals of the ancient world, however Shakespeare’s works alsoRead More Shakespeares Definition Of A Ghost Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pages Shakespeares Definition of a Ghost nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The American Heritage Dictionary, published in 1973, defines a ghost as, quot;the spirit or shade of a dead person, supposed to haunt living persons or former habitats.quot; Unfortunately, this simple definition does not explain where a ghost comes from or why it haunts. When used in the context of Shakespeares Hamlet, this definition seems to suggest that the ghost who visits Hamlet truly is his dead father seeking revenge.Read MoreHamlet Comparison Essay755 Words   |  4 PagesV.31). In Shakespeares play titled Hamlet, Lies, deception, and foul play are all encompassed into an iconic tale of revenge. The tragedy takes place in Denmark, following the death of Hamlet’s father, King Hamlet. Shortly after his death, King Hamlet’s brother Claudius marries, the Queen, who is prince Hamlet’s mother. The ghost of the dead king later shows himself to Hamlet in order to reveal that he was actually murdered by his own brother Claudius. After the ghost instructs Hamlet to avengeRead More The Character Horatio in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesThe Character Horatio in Shakespeares Hamlet In the play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the confidant Horatio is created to serve a number of different purposes. Horatio is a flat character. He is a loyal, obedient, and trustworthy companion to Hamlet. His character does not undergo any significant transformation throughout the play, except that he serves as a witness of the death of Hamlet, Claudius, and Gertrude. Horatios role in the play seems to be as a utilitarian character that ShakespeareRead MoreThe Complexity Of Vessity Insanity In William Shakespeares Hamlet1016 Words   |  5 Pagescomedy, tragedy, and histories. One of his famous tragedies play is Hamlet, which based on Prince Hamlet’s revengeful plan against his uncle, King Claudius. However, some critics question Hamlet’s insanity and they believe Hamlet is actually pretending to be insane. The purpose of this essay is to examine the extent to which the character, Hamlet, is insane. Despite different critics’ opinions regarding Hamletâ€⠄¢s insanity, it seems Hamlet is not insane at the beginning but becomes insane when he confrontsRead MorePsychoanalytic Analysis of Shakespeares Hamlet1341 Words   |  6 Pagespsychological implications of William Shakespeares Hamlet, the primary focus should be on the character Hamlet, and how he develops and modifies throughout the play. Using the fundamentals of the psychoanalytic perspective of critical evaluation, one would be able to truly identify and explore the true nature of Hamlet, and the effects that his character has on the situation surrounding him. In order to gain a true understanding of most of the detail that is implied through Hamlets way of portraying himselfRead MoreHuman Nature In Hamlet737 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout, Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark (Hamlet), he exposes how relationships between characters influences their fates. Through this representation of connections, it highlights how the human nature has the power to create links which may strengthen one’s own power or provide protection from others. Shakespeare not only highlights the positive attributes of maintaining relationships but also exposes their negative impacts. Shakespeare exposes how relationships are formed to corruptRead MoreEssay on Language and Imagery in The Tragedy of Hamlet1358 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet:   Language and Imagery      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Horatio tells Hamlet that he speaks ‘wild and whirling words’, but with Shakespeare, this can never truly be the case. Even phrases that appear so have always a complex meter behind them and, in Hamlet especially, it seems that every word is chosen individually to serve a particular purpose. Despite being almost four hundred years old, Shakespeare is considered the landmark in English literature as the dawning of the modern age of drama. Previously

Essay about Native American - 569 Words

Native American The story of the pilgrims and Native Americans was always taught in elementary school during the Thanksgiving holiday. The teachers frequently called Native Americans â€Å"Indians†. It never crossed my mind that the word â€Å"Indians† was the politically incorrect way of labeling Native Americans until a student shouted it out to the teacher in 5th grade. It finally clicked in my mind that Indians are people from India not America. Native Americans were always portrayed to be accepting culture when confronted with the Europeans during Thanksgiving. In elementary school, everything is happy. I don’t even remember learning American history. Columbus sailed the ocean blue, thought he was in India, and started the trend of†¦show more content†¦To Europeans, they were considered â€Å"primitive†; Native Americans were not up to the standards of the settlers. It’s interesting to think of Native Americans to be the â€Å"founders† of America, but who are the founders of European nations? Australia has Indigenous people, America has Native Americans, what does Great Britain have? I can never think of a time when Britain had a â€Å"primitive† culture. There were the cavemen, but the time of cavemen to the birth of Jesus seems to be lost. Federal Indian Identification Policy – M. Annete Jaimes From the reading, I have learned the oppression of American Indians by the Federal Government. I was surprised to read that Native Americans called themselves American Indians. In my mind, the term American-Indian refers to a person born in India and has now become an American citizen. The question of identity may be harder to answer with such a complication. The blood quantum mechanism used to identify American Indians works as an opposite compared to how the government labeled Blacks. The federal government identified those of at least half Indian blood to have the â€Å"benefits†. Local governments prevented Blacks or half-blacks, or quarter-blacks, or etc from civil right liberties. If you looked tan to the least, you were considered Black. It’s interesting to notice such a paradox within the AmericanShow MoreRelatedNative American And Native Americans1137 Words   |  5 PagesNative American Displacement Long ago on the great plains, the buffalo roamed and the Native Americans lived amongst each other. They were able to move freely across the lands until the white men came and concentrated them into certain areas. Today there are more than five-hundred different tribes with different beliefs and history. Native Americans still face problems about the horrific history they went through and today s discrimination. The removal of American Indian tribes is one of theRead MoreNative American And Native Americans1221 Words   |  5 Pages1607, the Native Americans have been treated poorly by the Europeans. The settlers came and stripped the Natives of their land by wars that the Natives were not equipped to fight. Native Americans were forced to move towards the west into uncharted territory and many died on the journey. The American government later made many promises to the Native Americans that were unkept, which had a very troubling effect on their communities. The promises the Unite d States government made to the Native AmericansRead MoreNative American And Native Americans871 Words   |  4 Pages Native Americans have been forced out of their culture over time, forced into assimilation, lost their rights, and have lost their land due to policies and laws by the whites that can’t bear the Native American way of life. 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The terms Native Americans use to refer to themselves vary regionally and generationally, with many older Native Americans self-identifying as Indians or American Indians, while younger Native AmericansRead MoreNative American And Native Americans1187 Words   |  5 Pagesmany Native American had already been there and the government were building railroads and roads. People rushed to settle in the west to mine for gold. Cities and town along with railroad and roads building at a rapid pace changed the habits of the buffalo. Buffalo were an important symbol in the Native Americans live they used buffalo as their main food source and they use the skin to make clothes and teepee covering , bones for silverware and hunting tools like arrow. The Native Americans makeRead MoreNative American And Native Americans1156 Words   |  5 Pageswith the Native Americans. The whites had different ideas that they wanted to contribute to the country, and the Native Americans wanted to stay lo yal to their cultural traditions. The early people of the United States gradually gained control of the country. This lead to Native Americans being methodically pushed off their land, deceived multiply through a broken treaty, and most of all, not being completely recognized as citizens by the rest of American society. Some of these Native American groupsRead MoreNative American And Native Americans2248 Words   |  9 PagesThe Native Americans, their origin and similarities with Native Finns Native Americans, the first settlers of the Americas arrived to the continent about 15 000 years ago. Crossing a land bridge between Asia and America during the ice age. It was not just one group that spread across the continent, but small groups of migrants for a long time period. The land bridge which the migrants used to cross between the continents does not exist today, but is instead known as the Bering Strait. All of theRead MoreNative American And Native Americans2251 Words   |  10 Pageshistorical evidence, the notion: â€Å"Native –Americans were not the first inhabitant of America is a complete false. For centuries, history kept accurate and vivid account of the first set of people who domiciled the western hemisphere. Judging by that record and evidence, below are the first set of Native-American people who inhabited the western hemisphere, including the new â€Å"America† before the arrival of another human race†¦ The Iroquois: The Iroquois of Nati ve Americans were one of the tribes that livedRead MoreNative American And Native Americans1803 Words   |  8 PagesAmericans have long been fascinated with the imagery and lore of Native Americans. From early historians to Mark Twain to Hollywood, Native Americans have been viewed as savages, aggressors, monotonal in voice, and drunks. Native Americans have had a strong influence on America’s birthplace including environmental issues to the diet and foods we eat. It was not until the arrival of the European settlers that Native Americans faced the deterioration of their civilization and culture. Events ofRead MoreNative American And Native Americans2322 Words   |  10 Pagesago, Native Americans roamed North America. That was until the arrival of the whites lead by Columbus in 1492. The white Americans then began to take as much land as possible, contradict with the native’s customs and tried to take complete control of their lives. Native Americans didn’t believe in owning land- they believed that all of the land was everyone’s to share. So when the white Americans find out none of the land is owned, they take control of the land, and slowly push the Natives out as

Nancy in Charles Dickens Oliver Twist Essay - 679 Words

Nancy in Charles Dickens Oliver Twist London in the 19th century was a heavily packed city where the rich and poor rubbed shoulders daily. Charles Dickens lived there most of his life, growing from a poor child to a publicly famous, but often privately troubled, writer. The city shaped his life it also patterns his work in complex and fascinating ways. The novels picture this great city vividly. It can also be seen to be used as a symbolic map through which human relationships of all kinds are explored. This description of Oliver Twist may also capture the haunting childhood of its author, Charles Dickens. Feeling alone in the world at the age of 12, Dickens saw firsthand the horrors Victorian†¦show more content†¦When Oliver is caught delivering books for Mr. Brownlow, Nancy and Bill Sikes take him to the hideouts that the thieves live in. There he is stripped of his clothes, money and books. Nancy fights for Olivers safety among the men in the room. Keep back the dog, Bill! cried Nancy, springing before the door and closing it, as the Jew and his two pupils darted out in pursuit. Keep back the dog: hell tear the boy to pieces. Serve him right! cried Sikes, struggling to disengage himself from the girls grasp. Stand off from me, or Ill split your head against the wall. I dont care for that Bill, I dont care for that, screamed the girl, struggling violently with the man: the child shant be torn down by the dog, unless you kill me first. With the capture of Oliver Fagin the leader of the gang and Bill were upset that Oliver had run away. Bills dog being in the room nearly tears Oliver to shreds but Nancy saves him. Having this dirty, ugly world of crime pulled over her eyes Nancy is bothered by how Oliver is treated and tries to shield him from the evil world. Nancy being beat by Sikes is victim of violence therefore doesnt think she has any other life to turn to. She has a hard time with good and evil deciding where she stands. But she is determined to take care of Oliver so he can have a better life. I wouldnt say Nancy is the most important character inShow MoreRelatedHow Charles Dickens Portrays the Murder of Nancy in Oliver Twist2542 Words   |  11 PagesHow Charles Dickens Portrays the Murder of Nancy in Oliver Twist Oliver Twist was written by Charles Dickens. He was born on February 7th 1812in Landport which is situated in Portsmouth, England. He worked in a blacking factory where shoe polish is produced and Dickens job was to paste labels to the bottles of polish. The working conditions then were dreadfully poor, He was doing this job when he was 12 years old which meant that in those days children had little childhoodRead MoreAnalysis Of Charles Dickens s Oliver Twist 1539 Words   |  7 Pages​Charles Dickens illustrates how people facing poverty are treated as criminals by the Victorian society and may cause them to be forced down the path of crime. He demonstrates this theory throughout his novel Oliver Twist. Oliver Twist is a novel about a ten year old orphan in the nineteenth century who is forced into labour at a workhouse. Dickens highlights the conditions of the workhouse to display the struggle one bares in order to survive. He uses the characters Oliver and Nancy to demonstrateRead MoreTension, Anticipation, and Suspense in Oliver Twist Essay1508 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Dickens wrote ‘Oliver Twist’ between 1873 and 1839. Oliver Twist is Charles Dickens second novel. Oliver Twist began as a sketch; later on chapter by chapter it came on magazine and became a serial and eventually the whole novel was published. Charles Dickens childhood was terribl e; he had to work in a factory for some months. The novel exposes a lot of Victorian attitudes which Dickens experienced as he was in poverty himself. Oliver Twist suffered for nine years in the baby farm treatedRead MoreNancy as the Most Important Character in Oliver Twist Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesNancy as the Most Important Character in Oliver Twist Charles dickens wrote Oliver Twist in 1837, during the Victorian era of England, he was born in Landport, a suburb of Portsea, on February 7, 1812. He was their first child of eight siblings. John Dickens, Charless father, was not good with handling the familys money. He was then imprisoned for debt on February 20, 1824. This experience left Charles psychologically scarred. Charles had to take the role of beingRead MoreOliver Twist By Charles Dickens1644 Words   |  7 PagesIn Dickens’ Oliver Twist, Dickens frequently explains how â€Å"callous and uncaring Victorian society was (Shmoop Editorial Team),† as well as how clothing affects one’s social class. The protagonist of this eventful and heart wrenching story, Oliver Twist, is a naive young man who endures intense abuse and starvation in Victorian England’s workhouses. He keeps his hopes high and has a turn-around from his past life of misery. During this morose experience, Oliver sees the realization of Victorian EnglandRead MoreThe Evidence Of Unbound Loyalty1746 Words   |  7 PagesEvidence of Unbound Loyalty in Oliver Twist As young Oliver, ill-treated and hungry, approaches his masters saying â€Å"Please, sir, I want some more† (Dickens 11), Charles Dickens enthralls his readers in the harsh, twisted journey of Oliver Twist. Through a series of exciting events full of abuse, loyalty, hatred, and love, Dickens portrays the overlooked difficulties of the poor, lower class that Oliver Twist’s action-packed life has been subject to. Some of Dickens most loved characters, includingRead MoreOliver Twist By Charles Dickens Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pagesfunctions as Charles Dickens (1812- 1870) did. Oliver Twist was the second novel of Dickens distributed in a serial structure in a magazine titled BentleyÊ ¼s Miscellany run independent from anyone else from February 1837 to April 1839 when Dickens was still a columnist. In England, from the 1830s to the 1840s, a lot of wrongdoing books were distributed. Oliver Twist was composed simply During that period. Most faultfinders and book commentato rs of Dickens lifetime based their surveys of Oliver Twist on oneRead MoreCharles Dickens Biography1626 Words   |  7 Pages and perplexed characters Oliver Twist and David Copperfield. He proves that he is a product of the Victorian era as he brings attention to the childhood cruelty, the less fortunate in an English society, and the unwealthy dysfunctional families of the early Victorian time period. Charles Dickens reflects these and other issues as he brings to life the realism of writing. While others were writing about the way things should be, rather than the way things were, Dickens was challenging these ideasRead MoreChild Exploitation During The Victorian Era1583 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish novelist Charles Dickens was born into an underprivileged family during the Victorian Era. His father was jailed and Dickens was sent to work in a factory at the age of twelve (Dutta 1). It can be deduced because of Dickens’s formative years, one much like Oliver’s from Oliver Twist, Dickens felt the need to criticize the conditions of his time period (Diniejko). The novel is well known for being about an orphaned child who starts his life in an orphanage workhouse, gets involved in aRead MoreEssay on The Theme of Childhood in Oliver Twist778 Words   |  4 PagesHow Does Dickens present the theme of childhood in Oliver Twist. This essay shows the theme of childhood in Charles Dickens in the book Oliver Twist. Oliver Twists story begins with his birth in a workhouse. His mother dies shortly after giving birth to him, though long enough to kiss him on the forehead. As an illegitimate workhouse orphan Oliver seems doomed to a life of misery. Though deprived of education, affection and adequate food, Oliver still manages to triumph from rags to riches

The Goals Of The United Nations - 1540 Words

For me to fully understand the goals of the United Nations I had to go back to the very beginning, to the foundation of the United Nations. The League of Nations was formed in 1920 and lasted until 1946 when it signed over its assets to the United Nations after countries began to leave. Countries quickly began to leave once they had realized the League could not make settlements where they did not have the power to do so causing dictators to abuse this power. In 1942, before the League of Nations failed, Franklin D. Roosevelt first used the term â€Å"United Nations†. FDR saw what had happened to the United States after it was unable to join the League of Nations after the Senate excluded it and wanted to make sure something like this would†¦show more content†¦This quote sets the foundations for what the UN stands for each and every day. Before doing my research, I had no idea how many member nations belonged to the UN. Out of the 196 nations around the world, 193 of them belong to the UN. These member states range in size from small nations such as Fiji and Norway, to larger nations such as Russia and the United States. Each member of the UN comprise the main policy making group called the General Assembly. The president of the Assembly is elected before the opening session each year. The General Assembly’s main function is to discuss things such as budgets of the member states, international peace related topics, allowing new members, and any suggestions for the UN. Any suggestions for changes to the United Nations requires a two-thirds vote by all the members, while any other decision only requires a majority vote. Although the General Assembly can make suggestions for any member nation, they are not allowed to force any decision on to that member nation. The vote made by the General Assembly is considered to be more of a suggestion for that nation. The Assembly is broken up into six main departments: administrative and budgetary; dis armament and international security; economic and financial; legal; social, culture, and humanitarian; and special political and decolonization. The Assembly also has seven commissions which include the Disarmament Commission and the

Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER ELEVEN SAYSHELL Free Essays

string(94) " but he knew that over the last century it had been steadfastly unfriendly to the Foundation\." SAYSHELL Janov Pelorat watched, for the first time in his life, as the bright star graduated into an orb after what Trevize had called a â€Å"micro-Jump.† The fourth planet – the habitable one and their immediate destination, Sayshell – then grew in size and prominence more slowly – over a period of days. A map of the planet had been produced by the computer and was displayed on a portable screening device, which Pelorat held in his lap. We will write a custom essay sample on Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER ELEVEN SAYSHELL or any similar topic only for you Order Now Trevize – with the aplomb of someone who had, in his time, touched down upon several dozen worlds – said, â€Å"Don’t start watching too hard too soon, Janov. We have to go through the entry station first and that can be tedious.† Pelorat looked up. â€Å"Surely that’s just a formality.† â€Å"It is. But it can still be tedious.† â€Å"But it’s peacetime.† â€Å"Of course. That means we’ll be passed through. First, though, there’s a little matter of the ecological balance. Every planet has its own and they don’t want it upset. So they make a natural point of checking the ship for undesirable organisms, or infections. It’s a reasonable precaution.† â€Å"We don’t have such things, it seems to me.† â€Å"No, we don’t and they’ll find that out. Remember, too, that Sayshell is not a member of the Foundation Federation, so there’s certain to be some leaning over backward to demonstrate their independence.† A small ship came out to inspect them and a Sayshellian Customs official boarded. Trevize was brisk, not having forgotten his military days. â€Å"The Far Star, out of Terminus,† he said. â€Å"Ship’s papers. Unarmed. Private vessel. My passport. There is one passenger. His passport. We are tourists.† The Customs official wore a garish uniform in which crimson was the dominating color. Cheeks and upper lip were smooth-shaven, but he wore a short beard parted in such a way that tufts thrust out to both sides of his chin. He said, â€Å"Foundation ship?† He pronounced it â€Å"Foundaysun sip,† but Trevize was careful neither to correct him nor to smile. There were as many varieties of dialects to Galactic Standard as there were planets, and you just spoke your own. As long as there was cross-comprehension, it didn’t matter. â€Å"Yes, sir,† said Trevize. â€Å"Foundation ship. Privately owned.† â€Å"Very nice. – Your lading, if you please.† â€Å"My what?† â€Å"Your lading. What are you carrying?† â€Å"Ah, my cargo. Here is the itemized list. Personal property only. We are not here to trade. As I told you, we are simply tourists.† The Customs official looked about curiously. â€Å"This is rather an elaborate vessel for tourists.† â€Å"Not by Foundation standards,† said Trevize with a display of good humor. â€Å"And I’m well off and can afford this.† â€Å"Are you suggesting that I might be richified?† The official looked at him briefly, then looked away. Trevize hesitated a moment in order to interpret the meaning of the word, then another moment to decide his course of action. He said, â€Å"No, it is not my intention to bribe you. I have no reason to bribe you – and you don’t look like the kind of person who could be bribed, if that were my intention. You can look over the ship, if you wish.† â€Å"No need,† said the official, putting away his pocket recorder. â€Å"You have already been examined for specific contraband infection and have passed. The ship has been assigned a radio wavelength that will serve as an approach beam.† He left. The whole procedure had taken fifteen minutes. Pelorat said in a low voice. â€Å"Could he have made trouble? Did he really expect a bribe?† Trevize shrugged. â€Å"Tipping the Customs man is as old as the Galaxy and I would have done it readily if he had made a second try for it. As it is – well, I presume he prefers not to take – a chance with a Foundation ship, and a fancy one, at that. The old Mayor, bless her cross-grained hide, said the name of the Foundation would protect us wherever we went and she wasn’t wrong. – It could have taken a great deal longer.† â€Å"Why? He seemed to find out what he wanted to know.† â€Å"Yes, but he was courteous enough to check us by remote radioscanning. If he had wished, he could have gone over the ship with a hand-machine and taken hours. He could have put us both in a field hospital and kept us days.† â€Å"What? My dear fellow!† â€Å"Don’t get excited. He didn’t do it. I thought he might, but he didn’t. Which means we’re free to land. I’d like to go down gravitically – which could take us fifteen minutes – but I don’t know where the permitted landing sites might be and I don’t want to cause trouble. That means we’ll have to follow the radio beam, which will take hours – as we spiral down through the atmosphere.† Pelorat looked cheerful. â€Å"But that’s excellent, Golan. Will we be going slowly enough to watch the terrain?† He held up his portable viewscreen with the map spread out on it at low magnification. â€Å"After a fashion. We’d have to get beneath the cloud deck, and we’ll be moving at a few kilometers per second. It won’t be ballooning through the atmosphere, but you’ll spot the planetography.† â€Å"Excellent! Excellent!† Trevize said thoughtfully, â€Å"I’m wondering, though, if we’ll be on Sayshell Planet long enough to make it worth our while to adjust the ship’s clock to local time.† â€Å"It depends on what we plan to do, I suppose. What do you think we’ll be doing, Golan?† â€Å"Our job is to find Gaia and I don’t know how long that will take.† Pelorat said, â€Å"We can adjust our wrist-strips and leave the ship’s clock as is.† â€Å"Good enough,† said Trevize. He looked down at the planet spreading broadly beneath them. â€Å"No use waiting any longer. I’ll adjust the computer to our assigned radio beam and it can use the gravities to mimic conventional flight. So! – Let’s go down, Janov, and see what we can find.† He stared at the planet thoughtfully as the ship began to move on its smoothly adjusted gravitational potential-curve. Trevize had never been in the Sayshell Union, but he knew that over the last century it had been steadfastly unfriendly to the Foundation. You read "Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER ELEVEN SAYSHELL" in category "Essay examples" He was surprised – and a little dismayed – they had gotten through Customs so quickly. It didn’t seem reasonable. The Customs official’s name was Jogoroth Sobhaddartha and he had been serving on the station on and off for half his life. He didn’t mind the life, for it gave him a chance – one month out of three – to view his books, to listen to his music, and to be away from his wife and growing son. Of course, during the last two years the current Head of Customs had been a Dreamer, which was irritating. There is no one so insufferable as a person who gives no other excuse for a peculiar action than saying he had been directed to it in a dream. Personally Sobhaddartha decided he believed none of it, though he was careful not to say so aloud, since most people on Sayshell rather disapproved of antipsychic doubts. To become known as a materialist might put his forthcoming pension at risk. He stroked the two tufts of hair at his chin, one with his right hand and the other with his left, cleared his throat rather loudly, and then, with inappropriate casualness, said, â€Å"Was that the ship, Head?† The Head, who bore the equally Sayshellian name of Namarath Godhisavatta, was concerned with a matter involving some computer-born data and did not look up. â€Å"What ship?† he said. â€Å"The Far Star. The Foundation ship. The one I just sent past. The one that was holographed from every angle. Was that the one you dreamed of?† Godhisavatta looked up now. He was a small man, with eyes that were almost black and that were surrounded by fine wrinkles that had not been produced by any penchant for smiling. He said, â€Å"Why do you ask?† Sobhaddartha straightened up and allowed his dark and luxuriant eyebrows to approach each other. â€Å"They said they were tourists, but I’ve never seen a ship like that before and my own opinion is they’re Foundation agents.† – Godhisavatta sat back in his chair. â€Å"See here, my man, try as I might I cannot recall asking for your opinion.† â€Å"But Head, I consider it my patriotic duty to point out that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Godhisavatta crossed his arms over his chest and stared hard at the underling, who (though much the more impressive in physical stature and bearing) allowed himself to droop and take on a somehow bedraggled appearance under the gaze of his superior. Godhisavatta said, â€Å"My man, if you know what is good for you, you will do your job without comment – or I’ll see to it that there will be no pension when you retire, which will be soon if I hear any more on a subject that does not concern you.† In a low voice, Sobhaddartha said, â€Å"Yes, sir.† Then, with a suspicious degree of subservience in his voice, he added, â€Å"Is it within the range of my duties, sir, to report that a second ship is in range of our screens?† â€Å"Consider it reported,† Godhisavatta said irritably, returning to his work. â€Å"With,† said Sobhaddartha even more humbly, â€Å"characteristics very similar to the one I just sent through.† Godhisavatta placed his hands on the desk and lifted himself to his feet. â€Å"A second one?† Sobhaddartha smiled inwardly. That sanguinary person born of an irregular union (he was referring to the Head) had clearly not dreamed of two ships. He said, â€Å"Apparently, sir! I will now return to my post and await orders and I hope, sir†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yes?† Sobhaddartha could not resist, pension-risk notwithstanding. â€Å"And I hope, sir, we didn’t send the wrong one through.† The Far Star moved rapidly across the face of Sayshell Planet and Pelorat watched with fascination. The cloud layer was thinner and more scattered than upon Terminus and, precisely as the map showed, the land surfaces were more compact and extensive-including broader desert areas, to judge by the rusty color of much of the continental expanse. There were no signs of anything living. It seemed a world of sterile desert, gray plain, of endless wrinkles that might have represented mountainous areas, and, of course, of ocean. â€Å"It looks lifeless,† muttered Pelorat. â€Å"You don’t expect to see any life-signs at this height,† said Trevize. â€Å"As we get lower, you’ll see the land turn green in patches. Before that, in fact, you’ll see the twinkling landscape on the nightside. Human beings have a penchant for lighting their worlds when darkness falls; I’ve never heard of a world that’s an exception to that rule. In other words, the first sign of life you’ll see will not only be human but technological.† Pelorat said thoughtfully, â€Å"Human beings are diurnal in nature, after all. It seems to me that among the very first tasks of a developing technology would be the conversion of night to day. In fact, if a world lacked technology and developed one, you ought to be able to follow the progress of technological development by the increase in light upon the darkened surface. How long would it take, do you suppose, to go from uniform darkness to uniform light?† Trevize laughed. â€Å"You have odd thoughts, but I suppose that comes from being a mythologist. I don’t think a world would ever achieve a uniform glow. Night light would follow the pattern of population density, so that the continents would spark in knots and strings. Even Trantor at its height, when it was one huge structure, let light escape that structure only at scattered points.† The land turned green as Trevize had predicted and, on the last circling of the globe, he pointed out markings that he said were cities. â€Å"It’s not a very urban world. I’ve never been in the Sayshell Union before, but according to the information the computer gives me, they tend to cling to the past. Technology, in the eyes of all the Galaxy, has been associated with the Foundation, and wherever the Foundation is unpopular, there is a tendency to cling to the past, except, of course, as far as weapons of war are concerned. I assure you Sayshell is quite modern in that respect.† â€Å"Dear me, Golan, this is not going to be unpleasant, is it? We are Foundationers, after all, and being in enemy territory†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"It’s not enemy territory, Janov. They’ll be perfectly polite, never fear. The Foundation just isn’t popular, that’s all. Sayshell is not part of the Foundation Federation. Therefore, because they’re proud of their independence and because they don’t like to remember that they are much weaker than the Foundation and remain independent only because we’re willing to let them remain so, they indulge in the luxury of disliking us.† – â€Å"I fear it will still be unpleasant, then,† said Pelorat despondently. â€Å"Not at all,† said Trevize. â€Å"Come on, Janov. I’m talking about the official attitude of the Sayshellian government. The individual people on the planet are just people, and if we’re pleasant and don’t act as though we’re Lords of the Galaxy, they’ll be pleasant, too. We’re not coming to Sayshell in order to establish Foundation mastery. We’re just tourists, asking the kind of questions about Sayshell that any tourist would ask. â€Å"And we can have a little legitimate relaxation, too, if the situation permits. There’s nothing wrong with staying here a few days and experiencing what they have to offer. They may have an interesting culture, interesting scenery, interesting food, and – if all else fails – interesting women. We have money to spend.† Pelorat frowned, â€Å"Oh, my dear chap.† â€Å"Come on,† said Trevize. â€Å"You’re not that old. Wouldn’t you be interested?† â€Å"I don’t say there wasn’t a time when I played that role properly, but surely this isn’t the time for it. We have a mission. We want to reach Gaia. I have nothing against a good time – I really don’t – but if we start involving ourselves, it might be difficult to pull free.† He shook his head and said mildly, â€Å"I think you feared that I might have too good a time at the Galactic Library on Trantor and would be unable to pull free. Surely, what the Library is to me, an attractive dark-eyed damsel – or five or six – might be to you.† Trevize said, â€Å"I’m not a rakehell, Janov, but I have no intention of being ascetic, either. Very well, I promise you we’ll get on with this business of Gaia, but if something pleasant comes my way, there’s no reason in the Galaxy I ought not to respond normally.† â€Å"If you’ll just put Gaia first†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I will. Just remember, though, don’t tell anyone we’re from the Foundation. They’ll know we are, because we’ve got Foundation credits and we speak with strong Terminus accents, but if we say nothing about it, they can pretend we are placeless strangers and be friendly. If we make a point of being Foundationers, they will speak politely enough, but they will tell us nothing, show us nothing, take us nowhere, and leave us strictly alone.† Pelorat sighed. â€Å"I will never understand people.† â€Å"There’s nothing to it. All you have to do is take a close look at yourself and you will understand everyone else. We’re in no way different ourselves. How would Seldon have worked out his Plan, and I don’t care how subtle his mathematics was – if he didn’t understand people; and how could he have done that if people weren’t easy to understand? You show me someone who can’t understand people and I’ll show you someone who has built up a false image of himself – no offense intended.† â€Å"None taken. I’m willing to admit I’m inexperienced and that I’ve spent a rather self-centered and constricted life. It may be that I’ve never really taken a good look at myself, so I’ll let you be my guide and adviser where people are concerned.† â€Å"Good. Then take my advice now and just watch the scenery. We’ll be landing soon and I assure you you’ll feel nothing. The computer and I will take care of everything.† â€Å"Golan, don’t be annoyed. If a young woman should†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Forget it! Just let me take care of the landing.† Pelorat turned to look at the world at the end of the ship’s contracting spiral. It would be the first foreign world upon which he would ever stand. This thought somehow filled him with foreboding, despite the fact that all the millions of inhabited planets in the Galaxy had been colonized by people who had not been born upon them. All but one, he thought with a shudder of trepidation/delight. The spaceport was not large by Foundation standards, but it was well kept. Trevize watched the Far Star moved into a berth and locked in place. They were given an elaborate coded receipt. Pelorat said in a low voice, â€Å"Do we just leave it here?† Trevize nodded and placed his hand on the other’s shoulder in reassurance. â€Å"Don’t worry,† he said in an equally low voice. They stepped into the ground-car they had rented and Trevize plugged in the map of the city, whose towers he could see on the horizon. â€Å"Sayshell City,† he said, â€Å"the capital of the planet. City – planet – star – all named Sayshell.† â€Å"I’m worried about the ship,† insisted Pelorat. â€Å"Nothing to worry about,† said Trevize. â€Å"We’ll be back tonight, because it will be our sleeping quarters if we have to stay here more than a few hours. You have to understand, too, that there’s an interstellar code of spaceport ethics that – as far as I know – has never been broken, even in wartime. Spaceships that come in peace are inviolate. If that were not so, no one would be safe and trade would be impossible. Any world on which that code was broken would be boycotted by the space pilots of the Galaxy. I assure you, no world would risk that. Besides†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Besides?† â€Å"Well, besides, I’ve arranged with the computer that anyone who doesn’t look and sound like one of us will be killed if he – or she tries to board the ship. I’ve taken the liberty of explaining that to the Port Commander. I told him very politely that I would love to turn off that particular facility out of deference to the reputation that the Sayshell City Spaceport holds for absolute integrity and security – throughout the Galaxy, I said – but the ship is a new model and I didn’t know how to turn it off.† â€Å"He didn’t believe that, surely.† â€Å"Of course not! But he had to pretend he did, as otherwise he would have no choice but to be insulted. And since there would be nothing he could do about that, being insulted would only lead to humiliation. And since he didn’t want that, the simplest path to follow was to believe what I said.† â€Å"And that’s another example of how people are?† â€Å"Yes. You’ll get used to this.† â€Å"How do you know this ground-car isn’t bugged?† â€Å"I thought it might be. So when they offered me one, I took another one at random. If they’re all bugged – well, what have we been saying that’s so terrible?† Pelorat looked unhappy. â€Å"I don’t know how to say this. It seems rather impolite to complain, but I don’t like the way it smells. There’s an – odor.† â€Å"In the ground-car?† â€Å"Well, in the spaceport, to begin with. I suppose that’s the way spaceports smell, but the ground-car carries the odor with it. Could we open the windows?† Trevize laughed. â€Å"I suppose I could figure out which portion of the control panel will do that trick, but it won’t help. This planet stinks. Is it very bad?† â€Å"It’s not very strong, but it’s noticeable – and somewhat repulsive. Does the whole world smell this way?† â€Å"I keep forgetting you’ve never been on another world. Every inhabited world has its own odor. It’s the general vegetation, mostly, though I suppose the animals and even the human beings contribute. And as far as I know, nobody ever likes the smell of any world when he first lands on it. But you’ll get used to it, Janov. In a few hours, I promise you won’t notice.† â€Å"Surely you don’t mean that all worlds smell like this.† â€Å"No. As I said, each has its own. If we really paid attention or if our noses were a little keener – like those of Anacreonian dogs – we could probably tell which world we were on with one sniff. When I first entered the Navy I could never eat the first day on a new world; then I learned the old spacer trick of sniffing a handkerchief with the world-scent on it during the landing. By the time you get out into the open world, you don’t smell it. And after a while, you get hardened to the whole thing; you just learn to disregard it. – The worst of it is returning home, in fact.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Do you think Terminus doesn’t smell?† â€Å"Are you telling me it does?† â€Å"Of course it does. Once you get acclimated to the smell of another world, such as Sayshell, you’ll be surprised at the stench of Terminus. In the old days, whenever the locks opened on Terminus after a sizable tour of duty, all the crew would call out, ‘Back home to the crap. ‘† Pelorat looked revolted. The towers of the city were perceptibly closer, but Pelorat kept his eyes fixed on their immediate surroundings. There were other ground-cars moving in both directions and an occasional air-car above, but Pelorat was studying the trees. He said, â€Å"The plant life seems strange. Do you suppose any of it is indigenous?† â€Å"I doubt it,† said Trevize absently. He was studying the map and attempting to adjust the programming of the car’s computer. â€Å"There’s not much in the way of indigenous life on any human planet. Settlers always imported their own plants and animals – either at the time of settling or not too long afterward.† â€Å"It seems strange, though.† â€Å"You don’t expect the same varieties from world to world, Janov. I was once told that the Encyclopedia Galactica people put out an atlas of varieties which ran to eighty-seven fat computer-discs and was incomplete even so – and outdated anyway, by the time it was finished.† The ground-car moved on and the outskirts of the city gaped and engulfed them. Pelorat shivered slightly, â€Å"I don’t think much of their city architecture.† â€Å"To each his own,† said Trevize with the indifference of the seasoned space traveler. â€Å"Where are we going, by the way?† â€Å"Well,† said Trevize with a certain exasperation, â€Å"I’m trying to get the computer to guide this thing to the tourist center. I hope the computer knows the one-way streets and the traffic regulations, because I don’t.† â€Å"What do we do there, Golan?† â€Å"To begin with, we’re tourists, so that’s the place where we’d naturally go, and we want to be as inconspicuous and natural as we can. And secondly, where would you go to get information on Gaia?† Pelorat said, â€Å"To a university – or an anthropological society – or a museum. – Certainly not to a tourist center.† â€Å"Well, you’re wrong. At the tourist center, we will be intellectual types who are eager to have a listing of the universities in the city and the museums and so on. We’ll decide where to go to first and there we may find the proper people to consult concerning ancient history, galactography, mythology, anthropology, or anything else you can think of. – But the whole thing starts at the tourist center.† Pelorat was silent and the ground-car moved on in a tortuous manner as it joined and became part of the traffic pattern. They plunged into a sub-road and drove past signs that might have represented directions and traffic instructions but were in a style of lettering that made them all-but-unreadable. Fortunately the ground-car behaved as though it knew the way, and when it stopped and drew itself into a parking spot, there was a sign that said: SAYSHELL OUT-WORLD MILIEU in the same difficult printing, and under it: SAYSHELL TOURIST CENTER in straightforward, easy-to-read Galactic Standard lettering. They walked into the building, which was not as large as the facade had led them to believe. ft was certainly not busy inside. There were a series of waiting booths, one of which was occupied by a man reading the news-strips emerging from a small ejector; another contained two women who seemed to be playing some intricate game with cards and tiles. Behind a counter too large for him, with winking computer controls that seemed far too complex for him, was a bored-looking Sayshellian functionary wearing what looked like a multicolored checkerboard. Pelorat stared and whispered, â€Å"This is certainly a world of extroverted garb.† â€Å"Yes,† said Trevize, â€Å"I noticed. Still, fashions change from world to world and even from region to region within a world sometimes. And they change with time. Fifty years ago, everyone on Sayshell might have worn black, for all we know. Take it as it comes, Janov.† â€Å"I suppose I’ll have to,† said Pelorat, â€Å"but I prefer our own fashions. At least, they’re not an assault upon the optic nerve.† â€Å"Because so many of us are gray on gray? That offends some people. I’ve heard it referred to as ‘dressing in dirt. ‘ Then too, it’s Foundation colorlessness that probably keeps these people in their rainbows – just to emphasize their independence. It’s all what you’re accustomed to, anyway. – Come on, Janov.† The two headed toward the counter and, as they did so, the man in the booth forsook his news items, rose, and came to meet them, smiling as he did so. His clothing was in shades of gray. Trevize didn’t look in his direction at first, but when he did he stopped dead. He took a deep breath, â€Å"By the Galaxy – My friend, the traitor!† How to cite Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER ELEVEN SAYSHELL, Essay examples

Economy of the Netherlads Essay Example For Students

Economy of the Netherlads Essay The Netherlands has been a trading nation for centuries due to its open economy and outlook. The Dutch are seasoned travellers. They are proficient in languages and skilled in negotiating trade agreements and implementing projects against the odds. As an open economy, the Netherlands is susceptible to international developments, notably in recent years the global recession which has been exacerbated by falling share prices, the attacks of 11 September 2001, the war in Iraq and the outbreak of SARS. Nevertheless, the Netherlands was the worlds eighth largest exporter of goods and services in 2003. Its workforce numbered 7.5 million, three-quarters of whom worked in the service sector. Per capita gross domestic product (GDP) was 27,900. The unemployment rate was 5.3%. And growth was strongest in the public sector, education and health care. Traversed by the rivers Rhine, Maas and Scheldt as they meander towards the North Sea, the Netherlands is a hub of transport and distribution: a natural gateway to Europe and centre for multinational enterprise. Its advantages include an advanced infrastructure both for transport and telecommunications. Many Asian and North American imports to Europe are transhipped at Rotterdam or Amsterdam, the countrys two transport centres. The seaport of Rotterdam is the largest in the world, transhipping tens of millions of tonnes of goods per year. And Amsterdam Schiphol Airport is the fourth largest airport in Europe for both passenger and goods traffic. Dutch transport companies are clustered around the two main import and export centres: Amsterdam Schiphol Airport and the seaport of Rotterdam. The best-known transport companies are Nedlloyd, Frans Maas and Smit International. The worlds oldest national airline, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, had to merge with French airline Air France in 2003. Many Dutch companies operate globally. The Netherlands three largest international trading companies are Ahold, SHV Holdings and Hagemeyer. Many manufacturers, such as Unilever Philips, Akzo Nobel and Shell, also do a great deal of trade. Dredging is a Dutch specialty and companies such as Boskalis, HAM and Ballast Nedam have larger foreign operations than domestic ones. And KPN Nederland is a major player in international telecommunications, working with many non-Dutch companies. Dutch manufacturers too have a global outlook. They export goods worldwide, maintain subsidiaries in many countries and often join forces with foreign partners. The main manufacturing industries are chemicals, food processing, metalworking and the refining of gas and oil. The printing and electronic engineering industries are also world-class. Dutch metalworking companies specialise in making machinery driven by advanced electronic controls, a speciality that has turned the Netherlands into a world leader in the manufacture of vehicles, food processing equipment and machinery for the chemical industry. It has also bolstered the electronics industry. The north of the Netherlands contains huge reserves of natural gas, making it Western Europes largest producer. Drilling companies operate in gas and oil fields both on land and in the waters off the Netherlands North Sea coast. A crucial link in Western Europes energy supply chain is the seaport of Rotterdam, where large quantities of crude oil arrive by vessel. The port is home to large transhipment companies and refineries, from which considerable quantities of crude oil and its petroleum products are carried directly to the industrial areas of Germany and Belgium. The presence of refineries and offshore installations has led to an array of activities serving the oil and gas industries. Four large steel construction companies, for instance, design and build entire chemical factories, oil refineries and offshore installations. And dozens more businesses produce specialist equipment. Several Dutch research institutes even have laboratories for simulating offshore conditions. .uaa0c7925ee817d43acd91dcca3fe1ca0 , .uaa0c7925ee817d43acd91dcca3fe1ca0 .postImageUrl , .uaa0c7925ee817d43acd91dcca3fe1ca0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaa0c7925ee817d43acd91dcca3fe1ca0 , .uaa0c7925ee817d43acd91dcca3fe1ca0:hover , .uaa0c7925ee817d43acd91dcca3fe1ca0:visited , .uaa0c7925ee817d43acd91dcca3fe1ca0:active { border:0!important; } .uaa0c7925ee817d43acd91dcca3fe1ca0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaa0c7925ee817d43acd91dcca3fe1ca0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaa0c7925ee817d43acd91dcca3fe1ca0:active , .uaa0c7925ee817d43acd91dcca3fe1ca0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaa0c7925ee817d43acd91dcca3fe1ca0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaa0c7925ee817d43acd91dcca3fe1ca0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaa0c7925ee817d43acd91dcca3fe1ca0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaa0c7925ee817d43acd91dcca3fe1ca0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaa0c7925ee817d43acd91dcca3fe1ca0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaa0c7925ee817d43acd91dcca3fe1ca0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaa0c7925ee817d43acd91dcca3fe1ca0 .uaa0c7925ee817d43acd91dcca3fe1ca0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaa0c7925ee817d43acd91dcca3fe1ca0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Holocaust (4428 words) EssayReducing emissions of greenhouse gases, as required by the Kyoto Protocol, is one of the worlds most difficult environmental problems, closely linked as these emissions are to economic growth. The Dutch government acts to cut emissions and binds manufacturers to strict environmental standards. But the Netherlands emissions of carbon dioxide have increased in recent years, mainly because the export-driven Dutch oil, transport and chemical industries are all such voracious consumers of energy. Given the Dutch economys strong focus on exports, acting nationally to cut greenhouse gas emissions is more expensive than acting internationally. Emission-reducing measures raise the cost of Dutch exports substantially. The European system of trading emissions due to start in 2005 offers the Netherlands an efficient way of meeting the Kyoto Protocol target. It will allow the Netherlands to buy emission permits from other countries, which will then reduce their emissions accordingly, saving the Netherlands from having to take more expensive measures.